Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Northeast Arkansas

FULTON COUNTY–ITS FORMATION, ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS–ITS CAPITAL AND BUILDINGS–POLITICAI. RECORD–THE BENCH AND BAR–SITUATION OF THE COUNTY–IMPORTANT STATISTICS FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF IMMIGRANTS–REAL AND PERSONAL TAXATION–AGGREGATE POPULATION–EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS ADVANCEMENT–SELECTED FAMILY RECORDS–THE GREAT REBELLION–MUNICIPAL ORGANIZATIONS.

O, the pleasant days of old, which so often people praise |

True, they wanted all the luxuries that grace our modern days;

Bare floors were strewed with rushes, the walls let in the cold;

O, how they must have shivered in those pleasant days of old.—Brown.

FULTON COUNTY was organized in 1843, in accordance with an act of the General Assembly of the State approved December 21, 1842. The first officers under the organization head the list of county officers following in this work. The territory composing the county formerly belonged to Izard, and was originally a portion of the old county of Lawrence. In 1855 a part of Fulton County was set off to Marion, and a part of Lawrence was attached to it. In 1873 territory from Fulton was taken off in the formation of Baxter County.

Soon after the county was organized, the site of the present town of Salem was selected for the seat of justice, where it has ever since remained. A log court house containing one room was soon erected on the public square. After being used for a number of years it was replaced with a larger log structure containing a court-room and clerk's office. This building, together with all of Salem except one log cabin, was consumed by fire during the Civil War. The fire was supposed to have been the work of a marauding party. Afterwards another log court-house was erected and stood until the fall of 1870, when it, together with all records saved to that time, was also consumed by fire. After that time, the present court-house, a medium-sized, two-story frame structure, with a hall and offices on the first floor and the court-room on the second, was erected. It stands in the center of the large public square; and the jail, a wooden building, the walls of which are made of planks lying flatwise—one upon another and securely spiked together—is located in the southwest corner of the square.

The following is a list of the names of county officers, and dates of term of service, from the organization of the county to the present writing:

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Judges: E. C. Hunter, 1843-46; John Plumlee, 1846-48; S. Billingsley, 1848-50; L. Bowling, 1850-54; R. L. Brantley, 1854-56; S. Billingsley, 1856-58; E. C. Hunter, 1858-60; L. Bowling, 1860-62; W. R. Chestnut, 1862-64; J. D. Isham, 1864-66; W. R. Chestnut, 1866-68; H. Turner, 1868-70; J. W. Ball, 1870-72; commissioners, [p.260] 1872-74; T. J. Cunningham, 1874-80; S. H. White, 1880-82; R. E. Richardson, 1882-84; T. N. Chestnut, present incumbent, first elected in 1884.

Clerks: Isaac King, 1843-52; W. M. Bennett, 1852-54; J. A. Simpson, 1854-56; J. C. Todd, 1856-58; S. W. Davis, 1858-62; T. N. Estes, 1862-64; J. P. Cochran, 1864-68; Wiley King, 1868-71; A. R. Brantley, 1871-72; W. P. Rhea, 1872-82; L. P. Kay, 1882-86; H. F. Northcutt, present incumbent, first elected in 1886.

Sheriffs: F. Tolbert, 1843-44; Daniel Beck, 1844-46; C. E. Simmons, 1846-48; S. H. Tolbert, 1848-50; N. L. Barker, 1850-54; R. Benton, 1854-56; L. D. Bryant, 1856-58; T. Martin, 1858-60; L. D. Bryant, 1860-62; E. O. Wolf, 1862-64; M. V. Shaver, 1864-66; E. O. Wolf, 1866-68; W. E. Spear, 1868-72; W. T. Livingston, 1872-74; B. R. P. Todd, 1874-76; W. T. Livingston, 1876-80; D. P. Tunstall, 1880-82; W. T. Livingston, 1882-84; D. P. Tunstall, 1884-86; W. T. Livingston, 1880-88; A. F. Basham, 1888, present incumbent.

Treasurers: D. Hubble, 1843-44; W. Falkenberry, 1844-60; J. Montgomery, 1860-64; S. Billingsley, 1864-66; J. M. Archer, 1866-68; J. Andrews, 1868-70; T. Chestnut, 1872-74; E. D. Hays, 1874-76; T. W. Chestnut, 1876-84; S. P. Welden, present incumbent, first elected in 1884.

Surveyors: B. Archer, 1843-46; H. Long, 1846-50; W. E. Davis, 1850-52; J. O. Brown, 1852-58; J. T. Livingston, 1858-60; S. H. Tolbert, 1860-62; M. F. Billingsley, 1862-64; S. Vanatta, 1864-68; William Raines, 1868-72; S. H. White, 1872-76; C. C. Torrence, 1876-80; William Anderson, 1880-82; W. C. Anderson, 1882-84; C. C. Torrence, 1884-88; C. C. Davis, 1888, present incumbent.

Assessors: J. W. Kennedy, 1864-66; W. H. H. Orr, 1866-68; J. W. Cleghorn, 1868-72; J. M. Archer, 1872-74; A. L. Pearson, 1874-76; S. H. White, 1876-80; M. T. Price, 1880-82; C. C. Torrence, 1882-84; W. C. Anderson, 1884-86; T. H. Hammond, present incumbent, first elected in 1886.

Representatives in constitutional conventions: 1861, S. W. Cochran and George C. Watkins; 1868, William A. Wyatt; 1874, Edwin R. Lucas.

At the September election in 1888 the number of votes cast in Fulton County, for the candidates for governor, were as follows: James P. Eagle, Democrat, 1,011; C. M. Norwood, opposition, 612. At the presidential election in November, 1888, the number of votes cast within the county for the several candidates were as follows: Cleveland, Democrat, 873; Harrison, Republican, 272; Streeter, Union Labor, 195; Fisk, Prohibition, 29.

Just when, or in what particular house the sessions of the county and probate courts were held prior to the selection of the site for the seat of justice, and before the first court-house was constructed, can not now be given, for the reason that all records of the county prior to the fall of 1870 have been destroyed. It is presumed, however, that they were held in Salem very soon after the county was organized. The regular sessions of the county court now begin on the first Mondays of January, April, July and October of each year, and of the probate court on the first Mondays of March, June, September and December.

The Fulton circuit court belongs to the Fourteenth judicial district, and its regular sessions begin on the fourth Mondays of March and September of each year.

The legal bar of Fulton County is composed of the following named attorneys: C. A. Phillips, B. H. Castleberry, J. L. Short, R. B. Maxey and J. M. Burrow.

Fulton, like all sections of country, has, to some extent, been afflicted with criminals. A few murders have been committed, but no legal executions of the offenders have taken place. They have, however, been punished with terms of service in the penitentiary. Society is now well regulated, and the safety of persons and property is secured.

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The county of Fulton, located in Northeast Arkansas, on the southern slope of the Ozark Mountain Range, is bounded north by Ozark, Howell and Oregon Counties in Missouri, east by Sharp County, Ark., south by Sharp and Izard Counties, and west by Barter County, and has an area of 600 square miles, with only about one-tenth of [p.261] it improved. Its boundary lines are as follows: Beginning on the State line between Arkansas and Missouri, where it crosses the line between Ranges 4 and 5 west of the Fifth Principal Meridian; thence south on the range line to the line dividing Townships 19 and 20 north; thence west on the township line to the line between Ranges 5 and 6 west; thence south on the range line to the line dividing Townships 18 and 19 north; thence west on the township line to the middle of Range 11, west; thence north on section lines to the north line of the State; thence east on the State line to the place of beginning.

Spring River is formed by the Mammoth Spring at the town of Mammoth Spring, at the State line, about three miles west of the northeast corner of the county, and flows in a southerly direction across its eastern portion. Myatt's Creek rises near the center of the northern boundary of the county and flows southeasterly and empties into Spring River in the east central part. South Fork enters the county from Missouri a little west of the middle of the northern boundary, and flows south and east to its junction with Spring River in Township 19 north, Range 5 west. Strawberry River and the tributaries forming it rise in the south central portion of the county–the river itself flowing in a southeasterly direction. The creeks in the extreme western division of the county flow in a southwesterly direction and partially form the Big North Fork of White River. The streams above named, together with their tributaries, furnish excellent drainage for the entire county, and on the larger ones there are many good mill sites. Numerous pure mountain springs abound everywhere, the most noted of which are Mammoth Spring, at the head of Spring River, and Sharp's Spring, in the southern part of the county. Good well water can be obtained at an average depth of thirty feet, and many wells are in use, as are also cisterns. These sources furnish an abundant supply of water for all purposes.

The entire surface of the county is more or less hilly and mountainous, though the knobs and ridges do not reach to any considerable height. Many of the hill sides are sufficiently level for cultivation, and on the tops of the ridges are found a number of comparatively level tracts. Valley lands abound along the larger streams. The south central and southwestern portion of the county is not so hilly and broken as elsewhere, and in this and in the valleys of the streams the best farms are found. In the extreme southwestern portion, where pine timber abounds, the soil is thin and sandy. On Myatt's Creek and South Fork the soil is a black sandy loam, while on Spring River it is mostly a clay soil. On Strawberry the soil is called a "mulatto soil," and is that kind best adapted to the raising of cotton. It is a loamy clay, composed largely also of vegetable mould. The soil of the uplands consists principally of clay and vegetable mould, and in many places is exceedingly stony. The stone, however, is small and loose upon the surface, and easily removed. Lead and zinc have been discovered in different places within the county, but no mines have been opened.

The first land entries date from 1836, but not many were made prior to 1850. During the 50's more entries are noticed than at any other period of similar length. Large tracts of land are owned by non-residents. Many of the citizens have made homestead entries, and many have already "proved up" and secured their titles. There are thousands of acres of Government lands in each of several Congressional districts yet subject to homestead entry, and to the home-seeker who desires to secure a home under the homestead laws, this county presents many advantages over those of the cold, bleak and barren regions of the West and Northwest.

The timber of the valley lands consists of walnut, sycamore, burr, white and "sour" oak, linden, ash, hickory, sweet and black gum, cottonwood, box-elder, etc. On the uplands black jack, post, black and white oak and hickory abound. The best saw-timber is found in the valleys. Good pine timber is also abundant in the extreme southwestern portion of this territory. The timber has not been shipped out of the county to any considerable extent. A few saw-mills are in operation, all of which are doing good business.

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The principal resources of the county, as now developed, and the principal vegetable productions are corn and cotton. According to the United States census of 1880, there were within the county 866 farms and 24,629 acres of improved land, and from these the vegetable productions of the previous year were as follows: Indian corn, 299,930 bushels; oats, 20,827 bushels; wheat, 10,924 bushels; hay, 166 tons; cotton, 2,438 bales; Irish potatoes, 95 bushels; sweet potatoes, 681 bushels; tobacco, 3,400 pounds. Thus it will be seen that corn and cotton were extensively raised, while but little attention was given to the growing of other crops. The soil is well adapted to the development of all kinds of vegetables named, and the tame grasses and clover. Clover, timothy and herds grass (red top) have recently been introduced, but have not been raised to any considerable extent. The reason for this is the liberal range upon which the stock lives and fattens, requiring only a little feed through the short winters. The number of live stock within the county, as shown by the census of 1880, was as follows: Horses, 1,615; mules and asses, 567; neat cattle, 5,934; sheep, 4,189; hogs, 16,427. The number assessed for taxation in 1888 is as follows: Horses, 2,471; mules and asses, 891; neat cattle, 12,426; sheep, 5,764; hogs, 16,483. The apparent small increase in the number of hogs is attributable to the fact that the number given by the census of 1880 includes all slaughtered and sold during the previous year, while the number given in 1888 includes only those on hand when assessed. The real increase of hogs must have been enormous. Fulton County is excellent for stock raising, the climate being mild, the water supply good, and the range for pasturage extensive. It is also well adapted to the cultivation of all kinds of fruit common in this latitude; but fruit growing has not been very largely followed, at least not for shipping purposes. It could be made a very profitable industry, and the opportunity is here for all who may wish to engage in it.

According to the United States census of 1880 the assessed value of real estate in Fulton County was $201,186, and of personal property, $205,836, making a total of $407,022. The total taxes charged thereon for all purposes amounted to $7,008.

The taxable wealth of the county in 1888, as shown by the assessment rolls, is as follows: Real estate, $617,821; personal property, $519,371, making a total of $1,139,192; and the total taxes charged for all purposes is $17,150.92. Thus it is seen that from 1880 to 1888, the taxable wealth of the county nearly trebled. The assessment of 1889 will undoubtedly show it more than trebled. These figures prove that the county's resources are being rapidly developed.

The aggregate population of the county at the end of the several census decades has been as follows: 1850, 1,819; 1860, 4,024; 1870, 4,843; 1880, 6,720. The colored population was, in 1860, 88; 1870, 85, and in 1880, only 36.

The only railroad here is the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis, which was completed in 1883. It enters the county, from Missouri, at Mammoth Spring, and runs thence in a southerly direction across its territory for between thirteen and fourteen miles. It was assessed for taxation in 1888 at $141,765. It has been and will continue to be of great advantage to the county.

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Prior to the actual settlement of the section now composing Fulton County, it was occupied by a few adventurous and migratory hunters who subsisted upon wild game, wild honey, berries and other articles of food that they sometimes procured by returning to the frontier settlements and stealing. This class did not long remain after the permanent settlement began, which, according to best information, took place during the 20's and early in the 30's. Among the early settlers that may now be mentioned were G. W. Archer and his family, consisting of nine sons and three daughters, who settled on South Fork, four miles east of Salem, and Daniel Hubble, William Wells, Moses Brannon, Mr. Cobb, the Barkers, John Nichols, the Eatons and the Lewises, all of whom located with their families on South Fork. "Tilt" Hubble settled on the Nesbit place, four miles south of Salem, and Moses Steward in the same neighborhood. It is said of the latter that he raised a family there without any [p.263] beds except beds of leaves. Enos C. Hunter, the first judge of the county court, took up his residence in 1840 on Indian Camp, six miles east of Salem. Milton Yarberry settled eight miles northwest of Salem, near the State line. A Mr. Morrison located on the site of Salem, and John C. Claiborne near that place. John D. Isenhour, Ferd, and Daniel Shaver, Dr. A. Cantrell and Samuel W. Cochran were pioneers near the present town of Union.

A few Indians remained here until after the settlement began, and it is related by surviving old residents that one of the pioneers, whose name, for the sake of his descendants, shall not be revealed, stole a pony from the Indians, for which offense the Indians caught and punished him in a novel manner. Placing him astride of a pony, they tied his feet together under its body, with his hands behind him, attached a halter around his neck and the other end of it to a tree, then removed the bridle from the pony and quietly left him to his fate. As the pony began to graze, the halter became stretched, and the man was about choking to death just as a party of his friends arrived and by freeing him saved his life.

The early settlers suffered many hardships and privations. They wore their own homespun clothing, and upon attending preaching service in a private house or in "God's first temples, the groves," the rich, as they were called, wore moccasins on their feet, while the poor went barefooted.

In this county the cause of education has been greatly benefitted by the stanch public sentiment in its favor. About the year 1850 a subscription school lasting only a few weeks was taught in Salem. This it is believed was the first school taught here, and only a few others were in existence until the free school system was established, after the close of the Civil War. The old citizens of the county–those who were children when the settlements began, or were born soon afterward, never had an opportunity to attend school, but grew to manhood with such education as they could acquire at home. The following statistics taken from the report of the State superintendent of public instruction for the year ending June 30, 1888, indicates the advancement made in the public schools of the county: Scholastic population–white 3,560, colored 32, total 3,592; number of pupils taught in the public schools–white, 1,647; colored, 16; total, 1,663; number of school districts, 69; number reporting enrollment in the schools, 48; number of teachers employed–males, 20; females, 18; total, 38; average monthly salaries paid teachers–first grade, males, $34; females, $27; second grade, males, $24.75; females, none; third grade, males, $26; females, $20; amount of revenue expended for the support of the schools, $6,208.51. These figures show by comparison that of the scholastic population less than one-half were enrolled in the public schools; but the figures do not include the pupils of schools where the directors failed to make reports. The wages paid teachers are much less than in many other counties. County Examiner S. H. White said in his report to the State superintendent for 1888: "The public schools have no opposition in this county at this time, and the tax books show that thirty-nine of the districts voted a tax last year ranging from two and one-half to five mills."

In addition to the public schools there are two well sustained academies in the county, the Salem Academy and the County Line Academy, the latter in the northwest corner.

Of the several religious denominations, the Methodists and Baptists were the pioneer workers hereabouts. About 1840, the former had preaching at the Hubble place, three miles north of the present site of Salem, and a little later the latter held services at Indian Camp, some six miles east of Salem. Churches then began to be organized, but the few that were formed prior to the war period became disorganized during that time.

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The Methodist Episcopal Church, South, now embraces one circuit and three missions. Salem circuit contains seven appointments, with an aggregate membership of 394, including three local preachers. Rev. J. S. Watson is the pastor in charge at this writing. Viola Mission includes six appointments, with a total membership of 233, including six local preachers. Rev. R. D. Moon is the present pastor. Mammoth Spring Mission has [p.264] three appointments, whose membership has reached forty-five. Rev. J. F. Troy is present pastor. State Line Mission has seven appointments, with an aggregate membership of 187. The present pastor is Rev. J. R. Edwards. These all belong to the Batesville district of the White River conference, from the minutes of which the statistics have been taken.

The Methodist Episcopal Church embraces within the county the whole of one and a portion of another circuit. Viola Circuit contains six appointments, with an aggregate membership of 105. Wild Cherry Circuit has two appointments in the county–Wild Cherry and Gum Springs–the two having a membership of about 125. Rev. J. W. Slusher is pastor. Viola Circuit has no pastor at this writing. These churches belong to the Harrison district of Arkansas conference, of which Rev. W. C. Evans is presiding elder. There are a few organizations in the county of Methodist Protestants.

Of the Missionary Baptist Church there are the following organizations: Mount Zion, at Union, Liberty Hill, Little Strawberry, Enterprise, Gum Springs, Shady Grove, Mount Vernon, Salem, Viola, Oak Grove and Shiloh, with an estimated aggregate membership of 443. These organizations all belong to Big Creek association of Missionary Baptists. There are not less than eleven Christian Church organizations scattered though-out the county, having an aggregate membership of about 350. At Mammoth Spring is the St. Andrew's Episcopal Church, with a membership of twenty-five. It was organized in November, 1887, by Dr. Lawson, of Mississippi, and is the only one of that denomination in the county. Of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, there are at least three organizations in the county, viz: Hickory Grove, Fairview and one near Pleasant Valley. One Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church is in the county–Prosperity, four and a half miles southwest from Salem. It has a membership of about forty-five. Rev. J. C. McDonald, of Izard County, is the present pastor. All the settled portions of the county are supplied with churches and school-houses.

At the outbreak of the Civil War nearly all the citizens of Fulton County were in favor of establishing the Southern Confederacy. A very few who remained loyal to the Union departed to the North. Several companies of soldiers, commanded respectively by Capts. M. V. Shaver, Harry Tracy, L. D. Bryant and others, were raised within the county and served in the Confederate army during the war. In the early part of that period a skirmish took place on the Simmons farm in the northern part between a battalion of Confederate and a battalion of Federal troops, on which occasion the latter were routed, with a loss of six killed and a few wounded. The Confederates lost but one killed. Another skirmish occurred toward the close of the war, on Little Strawberry Creek, about four miles south of Salem, between a battalion of Clayton's command of Federal troops and a battalion of Confederate troops, under Col. Cloud, on which occasion the latter were completely routed. There was a small loss on each side. These were the only engagements worthy of mention within the county between the contending forces, but scouting and marauding parties frequently scoured the country, killing individuals and taking or destroyed much property. The county was over-run and laid waste, and before the war closed it was almost deserted. There was no bushwhacking among its citizens.

Towns and villages of commercial importance have sprung up here and there, forming necessary trading points for the surrounding country.

Afton, a station of the Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railroad, five miles south of Mammoth Spring, contains a depot, store, hotel and saw-mill.

Camp is seven miles northeast of Salem. Here are a store, grocery, grist-mill and cotton-gin.

Elizabeth, eighteen miles southwest of Salem, has a general store, drug store and a cotton-gin, with three saw-mills in the near vicinity.

Mitchell, fifteen miles southwest of Salem, has one general store.

Myatt, in the northeastern part of the county, has one store, grist-mill and cotton gin.

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Mammoth Spring is located on the Kansas [p.265] City, Fort Scott & Memphis Railroad, at the famous spring of that name. The old town, containing a small cluster of houses and a saloon, on the Missouri side of the State line, located at the Harry Tunstall Spring, about half a mile west of the big spring, was established many years ago, but the new town, near the big spring and the railroad, has been almost wholly constructed since the completion of the railroad, in 1883. It now contains three general stores, three groceries, two drug stores, a hardware and furniture store, a jewelry and a millinery store, three hotels, two restaurants, a livery stable, a weekly newspaper, two real estate offices, a building and loan association, a lumber yard, a fish farm, the Calumet Cotton Factory, two church edifices, a large brick schoolhouse, a complement of mechanics' shops, a lodge each of Masons, Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias, etc., etc., and a population of about 800. The town is "booming," the immigration is rapid and the population will soon double and treble. The place is designed by nature for a health and summer resort, and is being fitted up for that purpose. A commodious hotel, commanding splendid views, recently under construction, is now completed, and is especially adapted for the accommodation of health and pleasure seekers. The Mammoth Spring Monitor, a Democratic newspaper, is published weekly by its proprietors, Culp & Deaderick. It is now in its second volume, and is well supported, as its ably written columns and substantial local matter deserve.

The great spring from which the river flows is about 180 feet in diameter, but the Mammoth Spring Improvement Company have constructed a huge dam across the river at a proper distance below the spring, thus forming a reservoir, completely submerging the spring and containing an area of eighteen acres. The sheet of water that flows over the dam is 107 feet wide, the depth of fall is fourteen feet. and the quantity that falls is over 45,000 cubic feet per minute, enough to turn all the mills and factories that can be built adjacent to it. The supply is constant and does not vary with the change of seasons. The river, with this great body of water, for a distance of eleven and three-fourth miles from below the dam has a fall of 134 feet. In this distance many dams could be constructed and hundreds of mills operated. Mammoth Spring and the river that flows from it form one of nature's greatest wonders. The Calumet Cotton Factory stands by the dam mentioned. It is a two-story brick building, 50×250 feet in size, with a one-story wing attached, 40×90 feet, and at this writing is well supplied with looms and other machinery. The number of looms is about 120 and the number of spindles 5,000. One hundred and fifty hands are employed and all the finer grades of colored cotton goods manufactured. These hands and their families add much to the population of the place.

Salem, the county seat, is near the geographical center of the county, and has a beautiful site at the foot and south of Pilot Hill. It had its origin with the county's organization. As previously mentioned, it was destroyed during the Civil War. It now contains two general stores, a drug store, grocery, school-house, church, two hotels, the county buildings, two newspapers, etc., and twenty-two families. The Fulton County Banner, published weekly at Salem, is now in its fifth year. It is published by Lee Davis, is Democratic in politics, and has a fair circulation. The Salem Informer, now in its thirteenth volume, is published by Jesse Matthews. It advocates Republican principles and has for its motto. "Whatever will advance the laborer's interest."

South Fork, in the eastern part of the county, has a general store, a drug store, flouring-mill and cotton-gin.

Union, ten miles south of Salem, contains a general store and school-house.

Viola, in the western part of the county, contains two general stores, a drug store, flouring-mill, two cotton-gins, blacksmith shops, a school-house and Masonic hall.

Wheeling, four miles south of Salem, has a grocery, a saw and grist-mill and cotton-gin, a church and school-house.

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Wild Cherry, in the southwest portion of the county, contains two general stores, two churches, a grist mill and cotton-gin, blacksmith shop, a [p.266] Masonic hall and Odd Fellows hall. At each of the towns and places above named there is a postoffice.

James M. Archer, senior member of the general merchandise firm of Archer, Daniels & Co. Fulton County has within her borders many men to whom she may point with pride; men, who, forgetting their own interests, have labored assiduously, bending all their efforts to one great end–their country's advancement and welfare. These men, in braving the dangers and privations incident to a pioneer's life, have pressed rapidly forward, paving and preparing the way for the advantages now reaped by a younger generation. Such a man is James M. Archer, who was born in Lawrence County, Ark., June 10, 1832, and when but five years of age removed with his parents to Fulton County. He suffered the loss of his mother when still a mere lad, and a few years later his father was stricken down with paralysis, lingering a helpless cripple for sixteen years. This was a terrible blow for young Archer, as it robbed him of his support and reduced him to a state of destitution. It was in this trying ordeal that the boy showed the metal of which he was made. Born of a sturdy line of ancestry, he inherited a vim which refused to bow under adverse circumstances, and here were developed that determination of purpose and untiring energy which has characterized his after life. He is first found occupying the humble position of knife rubber on a steamboat, which he followed for three years, never once complaining of his hard lot. Later he was engaged in labor upon a farm, receiving for his work the mere pittance of four dollars per month, which he saved for the purpose of attending school. His small amount of funds was soon exhausted, and he was compelled to resume his labors, and for five years more was engaged in various occupations. When the war broke out he was not long in making his decision, and, espousing the cause of the Confederacy, he organized the first company of Confederate troops in Marion County, Ark., where he was then located. He assumed the captaincy of this company, which was mustered into service in the Seventh Regiment Arkansas Infantry, and for a short time was stationed at Pocahontas, Ark. He next joined the Regulars and was commissioned regimental adjutant of the Fourth Cavalry, participating in many engagements, among which were the battles of Fitz Hugh's Woods. Ironton, Boonville, Independence and others. After the close of the war be embarked in agricultural pursuits near Salem, Ark., and in 1869 he engaged in business at that town, where he remained until 1882. In 1887 he obtained control of Mammoth Spring, and at once devoted his attention to the general improvement of the place. He is now general manager and secretary of the Mammoth Spring Improvement & Water Power Company, and director of the Calamity Cotton Mills. In 1879 Mr. Archer was elected representative of Fulton County, and reelected in 1881. His wife was Miss Laura Tunstall, of Arkansas, a daughter of Thomas T. and Elizabeth Tunstall, early settlers of this State. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and are held in the highest esteem. In political faith Mr. Archer is an ardent adherent of Democratic principles. He is also a member of the K. of P.

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A. F. Bassham is the present efficient sheriff and ex-officio collector of Fulton County, Ark., and is well-known throughout the county as a man of ability and honor. He was born in Lawrence County, Tenn., January 25, 1859, and is a son of S. H. and Elizabeth (Ray) Bassham, who were born in Tennessee and Alabama, September 9, 1829, and January 1, 1830, respectively. The former grew to maturity and was married in his native State, being there engaged in the pursuit of farming, but after the late war, in which he served on the Confederate side, he emigrated to Arkansas, in 1874, where he followed the same occupation, but is now residing in Salem. He is a Democrat, and he and wife are members of the Free-Will Baptist Church. His father, Richard Bassham, was a native and a farmer of Tennessee, and was married to a Miss Pennekuff, who died in Lawrence County, Tenn. In all probability the maternal [p.267] grandfather, Benjamin Ray, was a native of Alabama. A. F. Bassham was reared to the age of fourteen years in Tennessee, since which time he has been a resident of Fulton County, Ark. Being desirous of supplementing the primary education which he received, in the vicinity of his home, with a more thorough knowledge he entered the graded school at Mountain Home, Ark., where his career was marked with rapid advancement. Now thoroughly qualified to enter upon a professional career, he engaged in teaching school, and was one of the popular educators of Fulton County for several years. He gave up this work, however, to assume the responsible duties of his present office, to which he was elected September 3, 1888, by the Democratic party, of which he has always been an active member. He is a Master Mason, and is secretary of Viola Lodge No. 399; also belonging to Salem Lodge No. 28, I. O. O. F. October 15, 1881, he was married to Miss Allie Brown, who was born in 1862, and by her has an interesting little family of three children: Frederick, Maude and William. Mr. Bassham owns a good farm of 120 acres.

W. W. Brooks, now in the employ of the Mammoth Spring Fish Farm, was originally from Troup County, Ga., where he was born in 1851. His father, Capt. Henry Brooks, was born in Jackson County, Ga., in 1816, and was married in Troup County, of the same State, to Miss Eliza Wideman, a native of Troup County, born in 1824. The mother died in 1856, and two years later Mr. Brooks removed to Tallapoosa County, Ala., from there to Pontotoc County, Miss., in 1868, and in 1870 to Independence County, Ark., where he died in 1874. He had been married twice. During his entire life he followed the occupation of a farmer, and was very successful in this pursuit. During the late war he was captain of Company G. Fourteenth Alabama Infantry, Confederate Army, and was with the Army of Virginia until 1862, when he resigned on account of poor health. He then joined Young's company of Alabama State troops and served until the close of the war. He was captured at the surrender of Selma, Ala., and paroled. He was major of the militia in an early day, and held the position of justice of the peace for a number of years. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity for years, and also belonged to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. His father, John Brooks, was born in Jackson County, Ga., and died in Troup County, of the same State. He was of English descent, was a member of the Baptist Church, and was a soldier in the early wars. The maternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch was a native of South Carolina, and died in Troup County, Ga. W. W. Brooks was the third of four sons born to his parents. Like most of the youths of his vicinity, as he grew up he devoted his time and attention to labors on the farm, and in the meantime received a fair education in the common schools. He began for himself at the age of twenty-one and went to the Lone Star State, where he went at braking on the railroad. Later he clerked in a store at Batesville for two years, and was then made deputy sheriff of Independence County. After this he engaged in the milling business, railroading, and was also in the railway mail service for a number of years, or until in

March, 1889, when he was employed by his present company. His marriage to Miss Mollie Jeffery occurred in 1882, and two sons were the result. Mrs. Brooks was born in Izard County, and is the daughter of Daniel M. Jeffery, who was also a native of Izard County, where he died in 1888. He was a farmer, also being a Cumberland Presbyterian minister. Mr. Brooks came to Fulton County, Ark., in 1880, lived at Salem three years, and while there was engaged in the milling business. Since then he has resided at Mammoth Spring. He was appointed by President Arthur postmaster at Mammoth Spring, and filled this position in a satisfactory manner for two years. He was justice of the peace from 1884 to 1886, and was postmaster at the same time. In 1885 he was a member of the equalization board of Fulton County, appointed by Gov. Hughes. He was formerly a member of the I. O. O. F. He is an active worker in the Democratic party, and voted for Horace Greeley in 1872.

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Hon. S. A. Brown, ex-member of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly, and one of the largest land owners and farmers of Bennett Bayou, was born in [p.268] the Buckeye State, and is the son of Matthew and Hannah (O'Key) Brown, natives of Ohio. They were married in their native State, and remained there until 1866, he engaged in farming and stock raising. In 1861 the elder Brown joined the United States troops as first lieutenant of Company D, Twenty-seventh Ohio Infantry, and served about one year, participating in the following battles: New Madrid, Island No. 10 and Corinth. When the call for 600,000 troops was made, Lieut. Brown came home, raised a company, was made captain, and joined the One Hundred and Sixteenth Ohio Infantry, Company F, and remained with that company for three years. He took part in several noted engagements: Winchester, Cedar Creek, Piedmont, Petersburg and Richmond. He was wounded at Winchester while on picket duty, being shot in the arm. He was discharged at Harper's Ferry in 1864, and came home. In 1866 he went to Southwest Missouri, and in 1869 came to Fulton County, Ark., and bought the place on which his son, Hon. S. A., now resides, for $2,000. Three years later be sold this farm to his son, and bought one on Big North Fork of White River, in Baxter County, Ark., where he died in 1876. He was public administrator of this county for three or four years, and was also county judge of the same county. He was not an office seeker, and was appointed to the positions he held by the Governor. Previous to the war, he had been a strong Democrat, but after that his ideas coincided with those of the Republican party. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity. Nine children were born to his marriage, eight of whom lived to be grown, and seven are now living: Edward, S. A., born December 28, 1839; Catherine, A. R., Nancy (deceased), Mary A., Jennie D. and Josephine. S. A. Brown was a soldier in the late war, having joined Company F, One Hundred and Sixteenth Ohio, in his twenty-first year, and served three years. He was discharged on account of a wound, and was afterward captured at Staunton, Va., and kept in prison three months. He was in Libby prison a short period, but the principal part of the time was spent in the hospital. He was paroled at Richmond, Va., on the 12th of August, 1865. While in service he participated in the following battles: Winchester, Gettysburg, and at Piedmont, Va., where he was wounded by a musket ball in the arm. He held the rank of orderly sergeant of his company during the war. After his return home in 1865, he remained there for about a year, and then, in company with his father, moved to Polk County, Mo., where he continued for three years. After this he taught school, and in 1869 came to Fulton County. Ark., where he taught the first free school in this section after the war. Subsequently he engaged in agricultural pursuits, and has continued the same up to the present. On the 8th of December, 1870. Miss Lou Baker became his wife, and to them have been born three children; Claud, born on the 19th of September, 1871; Bettie, born on the 2d of November, 1873, and Bertha, born on the 4th of February, 1881. Mrs. Brown died on the 28th of April, 1882, and Mr. Brown married Mrs. Josie Simpson. nee Tnttle, August 4, 1884, and they have two children, Roscoe C., born on the 16th of August, 1885, and Archie, born on the 16th of April, 1887. Mrs. Brown is the daughter of Capt. T. C. Fluty, of Tennessee, a captain in the Confederate army, and one of the prominent farmers of Baxter County, Ark. Mr. Brown has represented his county in the legislature, and has held several minor offices, filling the position of commissioner of public accounts for two terms. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Queen Elizabeth Lodge No. 360, and is also a member of the I. O. O. F., Vidette Lodge No. 94. He belongs to Simp. Mason Post No. 228. G. A. R., Department of Missouri, and was appointed on the staff of John E. Phelps, commander of the State of Missouri. He is a Republican in politics, and he and Mrs. Brown are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

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Thomas J. Brown. No name is more properly placed in the history of the county than that of Mr. Brown, who is not only one of the most enterprising farmers of the county, but is of such a social, genial nature, that he has made many friends. He owes his nativity to the State of Tennessee, where his birth occurred January 5, 1854. [p.269] His parents, John and Caroline (Harber) Brown, are natives of Tennessee. The elder Brown was a sturdy son of toil and followed this occupation in his native State until his subsequent removal to Dunklin County, Mo. His death occurred April 30, 1858. He had been constable in Tennessee and filled the position in a highly satisfactory manner. His marriage took place in 1844, and six children were the result: Henry N., born September 27, 1846, died October 23, 1846; Martin W., born September 30, 1847, died October 14, 1848; Martha J., born December 22, 1849, died May 4, 1886, Joseph M., born January 26, 1852; Amanda C., born July 30, 1858, died February 22, 1876. John Brown, the father of these children, was born on the 19th of July, 1824, and his wife was born on the 20th day of October, 1825. She died August 23, 1888, and was a worthy and consistent member of the Christian Church. Thomas J. Brown commenced life for himself at the age of nineteen years, and his marriage to Miss Eliza J. Pumphrey was consummated on the 24th of August, 1873. She was born in Ozark County, Mo., October 10, 1852. With his parents he left Dunklin County, Mo.; came to Fulton County, Ark., in 1858, and

has been a resident of this county ever since. In 1874 he purchased his present property, and is now the owner of 320 acres of land, 150 under a tine state of cultivation. Over his broad acres roam cattle, sheep and horses and mules, which he makes a specialty of raising. To his marriage were born six children: John W., born on the 13th of June, 1874; Richard W., born on the 12th of February, 1877; Elizabeth C., born on the 20th of August, 1879; Ollie M., born on the 7th of May, 1885; Thomas M., born on the 21st of March, 1887; James E., born on the 6th day of August, 1889. Mr. Brown has made the principal part of his property by his own labor. His wife is the daughter of William G. Pumphrey and Elizabeth (Hawkins) Pumphrey, both natives of Tennessee. They came to Missouri at an early day, settling on The Big North Fork of White River, in Ozark County, Mo., and were married there in 1848. After remaining in that county until 1887, he moved to Boone County, Ark. His first marriage was to Miss Fannie Holt, of Tennessee, who bore him two children, one living at present: Mary. By his marriage to Miss Hawkins he became the father of six children, four of whom survive: Benjamin J. (deceased), Eliza J., George W., Sarah A., M. T., and William (deceased). Mr. Brown is a Democrat and has filled the office of deputy sheriff of his county for two years. His wife is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church.

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Charles J. Brunson's life from his earliest recollections has been passed on a farm, his early days being spent in assisting his father on the old homestead in Georgia, in Twiggs County of which State he was born January 7, 1827. His parents, Jarrett N. and Mary M. (Stephens) Brunson, were born in South Carolina, the former's birth occurring about 1797. He was a farmer by occupation, of Scotch descent, and died in Georgia near 1842, being one of thirteen children (eleven sons and two daughters) born to Peter Brunson, who lived and died in South Carolina. Mrs. Mary M. Brunson died in the State of Georgia about 1829, having borne a family of four children, of whom our subject is the third. After his father's death Charles J. began making his home with his elder brother, and while living with him attended school one year, making good use of his opportunities. He then went to his uncle's, Marion Brunson, in Alabama, and again entered school, attending about three months, after which he took charge of his uncle's plantation, and overseered his slaves, who numbered about sixty, for two years. Being offered better wages, he became an overseer for a neighboring planter, remaining with him one year. In 1848 he was married, in the State of Alabama, to Miss Mary Hickman, who was born in Twiggs County, Ga., October 23, 1833, and died in Fulton County, Ark., January 1, 1872. She left, besides her husband, a family of three children to mourn her loss: Charles J., James L. and Anna E. (wife of J. H. Nichols.) Three children are deceased. In the latter part of 1872 Mr. Brunson took for his second wife Mrs. Margaret (Huffman) Willcox, who was born in Davidson County, N. C., November 19, 1837. They have one son, Joseph A. In 1854 Mr. Brunson moved with his family [p.270] to Ashley County, Ark., and there resided until 1865, when he settled in Jefferson County, where he spent two years. Since that time he has been a resident of Fulton County. By his own unaided efforts he has become the owner of a fine farm comprising 280 acres, with about 130 under cultivation, and has made all the improvements, such as building fences and houses, and clearing the land, himself. He served two years in the Confederate army during the Rebellion, and has since been a Democrat in politics. He has held the position of constable both in Alabama and Arkansas, and has been solicited to accept other local offices, but has declined. He and family belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, of which he has been a member since twenty one years of age. His first wife was a member of the Missionary Baptist Church.

George C. Buford, dealer in general merchandise, farm implements, etc., Mammoth Spring. Of the many names that make up the strength of the business portion of Mammoth Spring that of Mr. Buford is foremost. His business was established in 1885, and the value of the stock is estimated at about $12,000. Mr. Buford was born in Fredericktown, Mo., October 20, 1849, and is the son of Christopher Y. and Mary (Nifong) Buford, natives of South Carolina and Pennsylvania, respectively. The parents were married in Missouri, and there spent the remainder of their lives. Mrs. Buford died in 1855 and Mr. Buford in 1879. Her father, George W. Nifong, was a native of Pennsylvania, and moved to Southeast Missouri at a very early day, where he died at the age of ninety-eight years. Mr. Buford was married twice. He was a well to-do farmer, stock raiser and general trader, and was also a member of the Masonic fraternity. His father died in Louisiana at the age of eighty years. George C. Buford was one of six children born to his parents, and received a thorough education at Fredericktown, and at Washington University, St. Louis. He also graduated from Reed's Commercial College, of St. Louis, in 1869. Subsequently he taught school for several years in Frederick town, Mo., until 1871, when he removed to Newport, Ark., and there engaged in merchandising and general trading with marked success until 1884. He then came to Mammoth Spring, where he purchased the first business and residence lots sold by the town syndicate. He immediately erected buildings, and built the first brick business house in that town, besides investing largely in real estate there. He is also the owner of considerable real estate in and around Newport, and is one of the most thoroughgoing and active business men in Fulton County. He enjoys an immense trade. He was the assessor of Jackson County, Ark., for four years, and filled that position to the satisfaction of all. He has been married three times; first, in 1874, to Miss Lena Claridge, the daughter of Dr. H. B. Claridge, who came from Tennessee to Jackson County, where he was one of the leading physicians. Mrs. Buford died in 1879, and in 1883 Mr. Buford married Miss Della Harrison, who died in 1884. In 1886 he married Miss Nettie Anderson, daughter of J. L. Anderson, who came from Iowa to Arkansas, where he is living at the present time, engaged in agricultural pursuits. Mr. Buford is a Democrat in politics, and his first presidential vote was for Horace Greeley in 1872. He has been a member of Mammoth Spring Lodge of the I. O. O. F. for twelve years. He and wife are much esteemed members of the Christian Church.

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G. A. Bundren, farmer and stock raiser of Washington Township, was born in Tennessee, January 30, 1847, and passed his youth and early manhood in that State and in Illinois. His parents, G. C. and Lucinda (Keyton) Bundren, were natives of Virginia, the father born in 1807, and the mother in 1823. In their family were five children, four of whom lived to be grown. They were named as follows: James C., who died in the Union army in 1863, and whose family now reside in Johnson County. Ill.: Surena, wife of George Everett, a resident of Williamson County, Ill.; Melissa, wife of David Sollis, living in Duquoin, Ill., and G. A. The father of these children was a successful agriculturist, and followed this occupation in Tennessee until 1851, when he moved to Illinois. He entered land in that State and continued tilling the soil until his death, which occurred in 1882. He was a Democrat in politics, [p.271] but was not an aspirant for office, nor was he active in politics. He was a member of the United Baptist Church, as was also his wife. G. A. Bundren, like so many of the substantial citizens of this county at the present time, was initiated into the mysteries of farming from the very first, and this has since continued to be the calling to which his attention has been directed. He received a fair education in his native State, and in the State of Illinois, and at the age of seventeen began for himself, attending to farm duties in Illinois until 1866, when he moved to Kentucky. Two years later he went to Cape Girardeau, Mo., resided there two years, going thence to Dunklin County, thence in 1876 to Scott County, Mo., and from there, in 1878, to Peach Orchard, Clay County, Ark., where he engaged in the practice of medicine, and also started a drug store. At the same time he filled the position of postmaster. In 1882 he left Peach Orchard, and moved to Knobel the same county, where he embarked in merchandising, and this continued for two years. From there he moved to Woodruff County, Ark., and in connection with farming, practiced medicine, conducting also a mercantile store at Howell Station, on the Batesville & Brinkley Railroad. He remained there but a short time, and in 1885 came to Fulton County, and here attends to his practice in connection with farming. By his marriage to Mrs. Elizabeth Holmes nee Thompson, January 1, 1863, he became the father of six children, three now living: James A., born February 26, 1865, and now living at home; C. W., born February 3, 1869, and also at home, and M. B., whose birth occurred on the 3d of February, 1869, and is at home. The other children died in infancy. Mrs. Bundren died at Knobel, Ark., in 1883; she was a consistent member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Bundren was married the second time in May, 1885, to Mrs. Sarah J. Wilson. nee Young, a native of Kentucky, and the mother of four children, the fruit of her former union. They are named as follows: Hannibal Wilson, living at Alicia, Ark., W. V., also at Alicia, Ark., Mary, wife of H. Hensley, residing at Alicia, Ark., and Celia, wife of T. B. Caple, a resident of Fulton County, Ark. Mr. Bundren is not active in politics, but votes the Democratic ticket. He and wife are members of the Christian Church.

J. M. Burrow, a prominent attorney-at-law at Mammoth Spring, is among those who contribute to the strength of the Arkansas bar. He is a native of Tennessee, born in Bedford County in 1854. His parents, Freeman and Louisa (Nichols) Burrow, were born also in Bedford County, Tenn., in 1834 and 1833, respectively. They resided in that county until 1857, when they came to Sharp County, Ark., where Mrs. Burrow died in 1874. Mr. Burrow is still living, and has followed tilling the soil for many years. He filled the position of justice of the peace for four years, and served four years in the Confederate army with Gens. Price and Freeman. He has been a member of the A. F. & A. M. since 1857, and belongs to the Methodist Church, of which his wife was also a member. Of the six children born to their union J. M. was the eldest. He was educated in the log school-houses, and like the majority of farmers' boys, assisted on the farm. When about twenty-one years of age he taught school, and followed this occupation for two years. When twenty-two years of age he began the study of law, and diligently continued this in connection with farming for several years. In 1885 he was admitted to the bar, and since 1883 has lived at Mammoth Spring. He is one of the most substantial attorneys of Fulton County, and also practices in Sharp and Izard Counties. He was married in September, 1878, to Miss Josie Whiteside, daughter of Allen and Sarah Whiteside, who came to Fulton County from Illinois at an early day, and there the father died. The mother

is still living. In politics Mr. Burrow is a Democrat, his first presidential vote being for S. J. Tilden, in 1876. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., Myatt Lodge No. 401, and also belongs to Spring River Lodge No. 49, K. of P., at Mammoth Spring. He has a very pleasant home on Eminence Hill, Archer Avenue.

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James Marion Butler. Ever since his location in this county in 1870, Mr. Butler has enjoyed the reputation of being not only a substantial and progressive farmer, but an intelligent and thoroughly posted man in all public affairs; and a short sketch of his life will be of more than passing interest to the citizens of this locality. He was born in Chambers County, Ala., October 15, 1838, and is a son of Nathan H. and Francis R. (Hogue) Butler, who were born in Elbert and Waltham Counties, Ga., respectively, the former's birth occurring in 1818; and like his father, Daniel Butler (who was born in South Carolina, and died in Georgia), he was a worker in wood and a skillful wagon-maker. He and wife were married in Paulding County, Ga., and resided in that State and in various counties in Alabama, until 1855, when they came to Arkansas, locating in White County, but only remained a short time and then moved back to Alabama. In 1863 or 1864, they went to Mississippi and Tennessee, and in 1875 located in Fulton County, Ark., where the father died the same fall. His widow is now residing in Viola, of that county, and is enjoying good health. She is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, as was her husband, and to them were born eight children, of whom James Marion was the eldest. Of these only four are now living: M. L., a blacksmith of Viola; Louisa M., wife of William Smith; William P. H., residing in the State of Colorado, and our subject. Those deceased are Napoleon B., Martha A. E., George W. and Mary J. James Marion Butler received his schooling in the State of Alabama, and while growing to manhood learned the blacksmith and wagon-maker's trade of his father. At the age of twenty-one years he began depending on his own resources for obtaining a livelihood, and from that time until the opening of the Rebellion worked in Alabama. Although his father served in the Union army for some time, he espoused the cause of the Confederacy and first joined the Alabama Legion, which was consolidated and thrown into other regiments, the Twenty-third Alabama Battalion of Sharp-shooters being a part left over. He served two years as sergeant, participating in many battles, among which wore Chickamauga, Petersburg, being intrenched in the ditches of that city for nine months; Hatch's Run, and the Virginia campaign. He received a flesh wound in the leg at Chickamauga, and at Appomattox Court House, about two hours before the surrender, he received a very severe wound in the right arm. After the war he remained in Alabama until 1866, when he went to the State of Mississippi, and from there came to Fulton County, Ark., in 1870, and here has since made his home. In 1879 he moved to his present location, which is a farm consisting of 360 acres of as good land as there is anywhere, and in addition to looking after this property still continues to work at his trade. He is a Democrat in his political views, and in 1885-86 served as justice of the peace. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, and as a citizen of Fulton County has been identified with its advancement and growth ever since locating here. He was married in 1860 to Miss Rhoda Ann Bryaot, a daughter of Alexander Bryant, and her death occurred in Izard County, Ark., in 1875, when thirty-seven years of age. Of the eight children born to her union only four are now living: Charles D., of Texas; Elizabeth E., wife of James A. Talley, a farmer of the county; Nancy E., wife of Abraham L. Reed, a farmer residing near Mansfield, and Nathan D., at home. Mrs. Butler was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.

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Thomas B. Caldwell is possessed of those advanced ideas and progressive principles regarding agricultural life which seem to be among the chief characteristics of the average native Missourian. He was born in Franklin County of that State on the 16th of October, 1840, and is a son of James Patten and Ann (Caldwell) Caldwell, the former of Irish descent, born in the State of Missouri, in the year 1816. He was a well known agriculturist of his region, and died in Fulton County, Ark., in 1863. His wife was also born in Missouri, and died when her son, Thomas B., was about seven years of age, her demise occurring in Franklin County. The paternal grandparents were Andrew and Nancy (Farrow) Caldwell, the former being a native Kentuckian. He moved to Franklin County, Mo., during the early history of that country, and died there at his son's home in 1847. His wife, Nancy, died there also. The [p.273] paternal great-grandfather, Kincaid Caldwell, was born in the "Emerald Isle." The maternal grandfather also bore the name of Andrew Caldwell, but the two families were not related. Thomas B. Caldwell is one of two surviving members of a family of five children, the other being a sister residing on the Iron Mountain Railroad in Missouri. He was reared in his native State, but never received any educational advantages in youth, being compelled to assist his father in tilling the home farm; but by contact with the world and by self-application he has become a well posted man. He was twenty years of age when he enlisted in the army, and was a member of Capt. B. B. Bray's Seventh Division of Missouri Volunteers. He participated in the engagements at Mansfield, Pleasant Hill, and in numerous skirmishes. He was second sergeant of artillery for about twelve months prior to the close of the war. On the 9th of March, 1862, he was captured at Mountain Grove, Mo., and was sent to St. Louis, thence to Alton, Ill., and from there to Vicksburg, Miss., where he was exchanged on the 22d of September, of the same year. Nearly ever since the close of the war he has been a resident of Fulton County, Ark., and has been actively engaged in tilling the soil. On the 5th of March, 1865, he was married to Miss Lucintha M. Smith, who was born in South Carolina in 1842, a daughter of Inman and Mary A. Smith. The father died in the "Palmetto State," but the mother is still living and resides in Fulton County, Ark., the wife of a Mr. Hutchesson. To Mr. Caldwell and his wife the following children have been born: James Henry, Benjamin H., Thomas J. (deceased), John H., Mary A. (deceased), Ruthie J. and Joannah. The greater part of Mr. Caldwell's time has been occupied in farming, and he is now the owner of 310 acres of land, with about eighty acres under cultivation. He is a Democrat, his first presidential vote being cast for Douglas, and he was elected on that ticket to the office of deputy sheriff and constable. He and wife are connected with the Christian Church, and he is a Mason and a member of the I. O. O. F. Mr. Caldwell is a man universally respected, and to know him is to have a high admiration for him, for he is possessed of those sterling principles which make a true man and a valuable citizen.

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Capt. John G. Carroll, a farmer of Fulton Township, is now successfully following the occupation to which he was reared and which has been his life work, a calling that for ages has received undivided efforts from many worthy individuals, and one that always furnishes sustenance to the ready worker. He was born in North Carolina in 1834, and is the son of Green and Priscilla (Earles) Carroll, natives of South Carolina and North Carolina, and born in 1802 and 1808, respectively. The parents removed to White County, Tenn., and in 1859 came to Fulton County, Ark., where Mr. Carroll died in 1870. He was the son of Jesse Carroll and the grandson of William Carroll, who was of English descent, went through the Revolutionary War, and died in North Carolina at the age of nearly one hundred years. Jesse Carroll was born in North Carolina, and died in Georgia at the age of ninety-eight years. He was a millwright by occupation. This family is of the same as that Carroll who was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The paternal grandfather, William Earles, was born in North Carolina and died in Tennessee at about the age of one hundred and two years; he was of Welsh descent. His father was a Revolutionary soldier. Capt. John G. Carroll, the second of eight children born to his parents, received very meager educational advantages. He came with his parents to Fulton County, Ark., in 1859 and in 1861 Miss Auerilla Copeland, a native of Tennessee, became his wife. She died in 1879, leaving six children, three sons and three daughters. Capt. Carroll then married Miss Eliza Baize, a native of Missouri and the daughter of George Baize. To this union were born four children, a son and three daughters. Capt. Carroll is one of the prominent agriculturists of Fulton County, is the owner of 520 acres of land, with 300 under cultivation, and also possesses considerable property in Viola, all the result of his own industry. When the war cloud hovered over the United States he enlisted in Company F, Fourteenth Arkansas Infantry, [p.274] Confederate Army, and served three years and eleven months. After the first nine months he was promoted to the rank of captain in his regiment and operated in Arkansas, Mississippi and Louisiana. He took a prominent part in the battles of Elkhorn, Augusta, Farmington, Corinth, Iuka, Port Hudson, etc. He was captured at Saltillo, Miss., but after sixteen days escaped and rejoined his regiment at Tupelo. At the close of the war he returned to farm life. Politically a Democrat, his first presidential vote was for Buchanan in 1856. He filled the office of deputy sheriff two years, justice of the peace for four years and constable two years. He has been a member of the A. F. & A. M. for twenty-eight years, now belonging to Viola Lodge No. 399, and was master and senior warden for sixteen years of that time. He is also a member of the Eastern Star lodge at Viola. He and wife belong to the Missionary Baptist Church, he having experienced religion at the age of sixteen, and he is a deacon in the same.

B. H. Castleberry is another excellent example of what can be accomplished through energy and perseverance, for he has won his way up to his present enviable position through his own unaided efforts. He was born in the State of Georgia, on the 1st of July, 1854, and is a son of S. G. and Jane E. (Bell) Castleberry, both of whom were Georgians, the former born in 1821. He was a farmer and a miner, but made milling his principal occupation through life, and is still the owner of some gold mines in Georgia, near Cleveland. His father, who was a native of the State, owned some mines there and was also an extensive slave owner at the time of his death. The great-grandfather was a Georgian, but the great great-grandfather and six brothers emigrated from the Old World, and settled in the Southern States. B. H. Castleberry was one of seven children, and his youth and early manhood were spent in his native State. He received his literary education in the North Georgia Agricultural College, and principally through his own efforts secured means with which to prosecute his studies. In December, 1876, he emigrated to the State of Arkansas, settling in Fulton County, where he began the study of law, and the same characteristics which marked his progress at school, were prominent in his legal studies. After a thorough preparation he was admitted to the bar and entered upon his practice at Salem, and his patronage steadily and substantially increased during his two years of practice. At the end of that time he engaged in merchandising with his brother, their stock of goods amounting to about $8,000, and besides this they each own a half interest in 500 acres of land. Our immediate subject also owns 1,500 acres in his own right. He was married on the 10th of April, 1881, to Miss Laura P. Wainwright, by whom he has two interesting children: William Lessie and Rex. Mr. Castleberry is a Democrat, and a member of the I. O. O. F. William Castleberry, his brother, a member of the general mercantile firm of Castleberry & Co., was born in White County, Ga., in 1856, and during his youth and early manhood worked with his father. He received an excellent education in Dahlonega College, Ga., and also at Nacoochee Valley, and after leaving school engaged in mercantile pursuits as clerk in a general merchandise store in the latter place, but eighteen months later went to Rabun County, where he began merchandising in partnership with C. W. Oakes. Two years later they dissolved partnership, and Mr. Castleberry came to Salem, and in 1881 embarked in business with his brother and William Wainwright, keeping a grocery. At the end of one year this association was terminated, and the two brothers started a general mercantile establishment of their own. They thoroughly understand the enterprise in which they are engaged, and have done much in their line to increase the trade and influence of the town. They are thoroughly reliable and honest in all their transactions, and as a result enjoy a large and lucrative custom. William Castleberry is also a Democrat politically, and a member of the I. O. O. F. He is unmarried.

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William D. Chase, one of the prominent millers and farmers of Elizabeth, was born in Maury (now Gordon) County, Ga., in 1839, and is the son of Hon. Dean W. and Alley (Johnson) Chase. The father was born in Pawtucket, R. I., and received [p.275] an unusually good education. At the age of nineteen he was sent to Georgia to erect a spinning factory, which he operated for a number of years. He was married and spent the remainder of his days there and in Tennessee, where he manufactured cotton goods all his life. He died in Gilmore County, Ga., in 1881. He was justice of the peace many years and once represented Gordon County in the legislature. He was also for thirty-five or forty years a traveling minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and besides was an officer in the Mexican War. His wife was a native of North Carolina, and died in Gilmore County, Ga., July 8, 1886. She, too, was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Her father, James Johnson, was a native of North Carolina, who died in Walker County, Ga. He was a soldier in the Mexican War. William D. Chase, the second of ten children, born to his parents, received his education in the common schools. He was reared to the arduous duties on the farm, and in 1861 Miss Adeline Sprouell became his wife. She was born in Fulton County, Ga., and was the daughter of Wilson E. and Eliza J. Spronell, natives of Abbeville District, S. C., but who moved to Georgia, where Mrs. Sprouell died. To Mr. and Mrs. Chase were born eleven children, seven sons and three daughters now living. Mr. Chase served over four years in the Confederate Army, Company E, Georgia Volunteer Infantry, was at Cumberland Gap, Richmond, Siege of Vicksburg. Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Kingston, Calboun, New Hope Church. Kenesaw Mountain, etc. He was captured several times, the last time at Peach Tree Creek, and imprisoned at Nashville. He was afterward taken to Indianapolis, where he was at the time of the surrender. He never received a wound during his time of service. After the war he returned to the farm and in 1872 came to Fulton County, Ark. He followed agricultural pursuits for five years and then engaged in merchandising at Newburg, Izard County, for three years. This not suiting him he entered into the milling business there for six years, after which he returned to Fulton County, and continued merchandising at Elizabeth for four years. Since then he has been occupied in milling and farming and has two flour and saw, shingle and planing mills. He is also the owner of about 900 acres of land in Missouri, Fulton, Izard and Lawrence Counties. All his property is the result of hard labor since the war. He has been a Democrat in his political views all his life, and his first presidential vote was for Gen. McClellan. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Elizabeth Lodge, and is also a member of Newburg Lodge of the I. O. O. F. in Izard County. Mrs. Chase has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for many years.

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Thomas J. Brown. No name is more properly placed in the history of the county than that of Mr. Brown, who is not only one of the most enterprising farmers of the county, but is of such a social, genial nature, that he has made many friends. He owes his nativity to the State of Tennessee, where his birth occurred January 5, 1854. [p.269] His parents, John and Caroline (Harber) Brown, are natives of Tennessee. The elder Brown was a sturdy son of toil and followed this occupation in his native State until his subsequent removal to Dunklin County, Mo. His death occurred April 30, 1858. He had been constable in Tennessee and filled the position in a highly satisfactory manner. His marriage took place in 1844, and six children were the result: Henry N., born September 27, 1846, died October 23, 1846; Martin W., born September 30, 1847, died October 14, 1848; Martha J., born December 22, 1849, died May 4, 1886, Joseph M., born January 26, 1852; Amanda C., born July 30, 1858, died February 22, 1876. John Brown, the father of these children, was born on the 19th of July, 1824, and his wife was born on the 20th day of October, 1825. She died August 23, 1888, and was a worthy and consistent member of the Christian Church. Thomas J. Brown commenced life for himself at the age of nineteen years, and his marriage to Miss Eliza J. Pumphrey was consummated on the 24th of August, 1873. She was born in Ozark County, Mo., October 10, 1852. With his parents he left Dunklin County, Mo.; came to Fulton County, Ark., in 1858, and has been a resident of this county ever since. In 1874 he purchased his present property, and is now the owner of 320 acres of land, 150 under a tine state of cultivation. Over his broad acres roam cattle, sheep and horses and mules, which he makes a specialty of raising. To his marriage were born six children: John W., born on the 13th of June, 1874; Richard W., born on the 12th of February, 1877; Elizabeth C., born on the 20th of August, 1879; Ollie M., born on the 7th of May, 1885; Thomas M., born on the 21st of March, 1887; James E., born on the 6th day of August, 1889. Mr. Brown has made the principal part of his property by his own labor. His wife is the daughter of William G. Pumphrey and Elizabeth (Hawkins) Pumphrey, both natives of Tennessee. They came to Missouri at an early day, settling on The Big North Fork of White River, in Ozark County, Mo., and were married there in 1848. After remaining in that county until 1887, he moved to Boone County, Ark. His first marriage was to Miss Fannie Holt, of Tennessee, who bore him two children, one living at present: Mary. By his marriage to Miss Hawkins he became the father of six children, four of whom survive: Benjamin J. (deceased), Eliza J., George W., Sarah A., M. T., and William (deceased). Mr. Brown is a Democrat and has filled the office of deputy sheriff of his county for two years. His wife is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church.

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Charles J. Brunson's life from his earliest recollections has been passed on a farm, his early days being spent in assisting his father on the old homestead in Georgia, in Twiggs County of which State he was born January 7, 1827. His parents, Jarrett N. and Mary M. (Stephens) Brunson, were born in South Carolina, the former's birth occurring about 1797. He was a farmer by occupation, of Scotch descent, and died in Georgia near 1842, being one of thirteen children (eleven sons and two daughters) born to Peter Brunson, who lived and died in South Carolina. Mrs. Mary M. Brunson died in the State of Georgia about 1829, having borne a family of four children, of whom our subject is the third. After his father's death Charles J. began making his home with his elder brother, and while living with him attended school one year, making good use of his opportunities. He then went to his uncle's, Marion Brunson, in Alabama, and again entered school, attending about three months, after which he took charge of his uncle's plantation, and overseered his slaves, who numbered about sixty, for two years. Being offered better wages, he became an overseer for a neighboring planter, remaining with him one year. In 1848 he was married, in the State of Alabama, to Miss Mary Hickman, who was born in Twiggs County, Ga., October 23, 1833, and died in Fulton County, Ark., January 1, 1872. She left, besides her husband, a family of three children to mourn her loss: Charles J., James L. and Anna E. (wife of J. H. Nichols.) Three children are deceased. In the latter part of 1872 Mr. Brunson took for his second wife Mrs. Margaret (Huffman) Willcox, who was born in Davidson County, N. C., November 19, 1837. They have one son, Joseph A. In 1854 Mr. Brunson moved with his family [p.270] to Ashley County, Ark., and there resided until 1865, when he settled in Jefferson County, where he spent two years. Since that time he has been a resident of Fulton County. By his own unaided efforts he has become the owner of a fine farm comprising 280 acres, with about 130 under cultivation, and has made all the improvements, such as building fences and houses, and clearing the land, himself. He served two years in the Confederate army during the Rebellion, and has since been a Democrat in politics. He has held the position of constable both in Alabama and Arkansas, and has been solicited to accept other local offices, but has declined. He and family belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, of which he has been a member since twenty one years of age. His first wife was a member of the Missionary Baptist Church.

George C. Buford, dealer in general merchandise, farm implements, etc., Mammoth Spring. Of the many names that make up the strength of the business portion of Mammoth Spring that of Mr. Buford is foremost. His business was established in 1885, and the value of the stock is estimated at about $12,000. Mr. Buford was born in Fredericktown, Mo., October 20, 1849, and is the son of Christopher Y. and Mary (Nifong) Buford, natives of South Carolina and Pennsylvania, respectively. The parents were married in Missouri, and there spent the remainder of their lives. Mrs. Buford died in 1855 and Mr. Buford in 1879. Her father, George W. Nifong, was a native of Pennsylvania, and moved to Southeast Missouri at a very early day, where he died at the age of ninety-eight years. Mr. Buford was married twice. He was a well to-do farmer, stock raiser and general trader, and was also a member of the Masonic fraternity. His father died in Louisiana at the age of eighty years. George C. Buford was one of six children born to his parents, and received a thorough education at Fredericktown, and at Washington University, St. Louis. He also graduated from Reed's Commercial College, of St. Louis, in 1869. Subsequently he taught school for several years in Frederick town, Mo., until 1871, when he removed to Newport, Ark., and there engaged in merchandising and general trading with marked success until 1884. He then came to Mammoth Spring, where he purchased the first business and residence lots sold by the town syndicate. He immediately erected buildings, and built the first brick business house in that town, besides investing largely in real estate there. He is also the owner of considerable real estate in and around Newport, and is one of the most thoroughgoing and active business men in Fulton County. He enjoys an immense trade. He was the assessor of Jackson County, Ark., for four years, and filled that position to the satisfaction of all. He has been married three times; first, in 1874, to Miss Lena Claridge, the daughter of Dr. H. B. Claridge, who came from Tennessee to Jackson County, where he was one of the leading physicians. Mrs. Buford died in 1879, and in 1883 Mr. Buford married Miss Della Harrison, who died in 1884. In 1886 he married Miss Nettie Anderson, daughter of J. L. Anderson, who came from Iowa to Arkansas, where he is living at the present time, engaged in agricultural pursuits. Mr. Buford is a Democrat in politics, and his first presidential vote was for Horace Greeley in 1872. He has been a member of Mammoth Spring Lodge of the I. O. O. F. for twelve years. He and wife are much esteemed members of the Christian Church.

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G. A. Bundren, farmer and stock raiser of Washington Township, was born in Tennessee, January 30, 1847, and passed his youth and early manhood in that State and in Illinois. His parents, G. C. and Lucinda (Keyton) Bundren, were natives of Virginia, the father born in 1807, and the mother in 1823. In their family were five children, four of whom lived to be grown. They were named as follows: James C., who died in the Union army in 1863, and whose family now reside in Johnson County. Ill.: Surena, wife of George Everett, a resident of Williamson County, Ill.; Melissa, wife of David Sollis, living in Duquoin, Ill., and G. A. The father of these children was a successful agriculturist, and followed this occupation in Tennessee until 1851, when he moved to Illinois. He entered land in that State and continued tilling the soil until his death, which occurred in 1882. He was a Democrat in politics, [p.271] but was not an aspirant for office, nor was he active in politics. He was a member of the United Baptist Church, as was also his wife. G. A. Bundren, like so many of the substantial citizens of this county at the present time, was initiated into the mysteries of farming from the very first, and this has since continued to be the calling to which his attention has been directed. He received a fair education in his native State, and in the State of Illinois, and at the age of seventeen began for himself, attending to farm duties in Illinois until 1866, when he moved to Kentucky. Two years later he went to Cape Girardeau, Mo., resided there two years, going thence to Dunklin County, thence in 1876 to Scott County, Mo., and from there, in 1878, to Peach Orchard, Clay County, Ark., where he engaged in the practice of medicine, and also started a drug store. At the same time he filled the position of postmaster. In 1882 he left Peach Orchard, and moved to Knobel the same county, where he embarked in merchandising, and this continued for two years. From there he moved to Woodruff County, Ark., and in connection with farming, practiced medicine, conducting also a mercantile store at Howell Station, on the Batesville & Brinkley Railroad. He remained there but a short time, and in 1885 came to Fulton County, and here attends to his practice in connection with farming. By his marriage to Mrs. Elizabeth Holmes nee Thompson, January 1, 1863, he became the father of six children, three now living: James A., born February 26, 1865, and now living at home; C. W., born February 3, 1869, and also at home, and M. B., whose birth occurred on the 3d of February, 1869, and is at home. The other children died in infancy. Mrs. Bundren died at Knobel, Ark., in 1883; she was a consistent member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Bundren was married the second time in May, 1885, to Mrs. Sarah J. Wilson. nee Young, a native of Kentucky, and the mother of four children, the fruit of her former union. They are named as follows: Hannibal Wilson, living at Alicia, Ark., W. V., also at Alicia, Ark., Mary, wife of H. Hensley, residing at Alicia, Ark., and Celia, wife of T. B. Caple, a resident of Fulton County, Ark. Mr. Bundren is not active in politics, but votes the Democratic ticket. He and wife are members of the Christian Church.

J. M. Burrow, a prominent attorney-at-law at Mammoth Spring, is among those who contribute to the strength of the Arkansas bar. He is a native of Tennessee, born in Bedford County in 1854. His parents, Freeman and Louisa (Nichols) Burrow, were born also in Bedford County, Tenn., in 1834 and 1833, respectively. They resided in that county until 1857, when they came to Sharp County, Ark., where Mrs. Burrow died in 1874. Mr. Burrow is still living, and has followed tilling the soil for many years. He filled the position of justice of the peace for four years, and served four years in the Confederate army with Gens. Price and Freeman. He has been a member of the A. F. & A. M. since 1857, and belongs to the Methodist Church, of which his wife was also a member. Of the six children born to their union J. M. was the eldest. He was educated in the log school-houses, and like the majority of farmers' boys, assisted on the farm. When about twenty-one years of age he taught school, and followed this occupation for two years. When twenty-two years of age he began the study of law, and diligently continued this in connection with farming for several years. In 1885 he was admitted to the bar, and since 1883 has lived at Mammoth Spring. He is one of the most substantial attorneys of Fulton County, and also practices in Sharp and Izard Counties. He was married in September, 1878, to Miss Josie Whiteside, daughter of Allen and Sarah Whiteside, who came to Fulton County from Illinois at an early day, and there the father died. The mother is still living. In politics Mr. Burrow is a Democrat, his first presidential vote being for S. J. Tilden, in 1876. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., Myatt Lodge No. 401, and also belongs to Spring River Lodge No. 49, K. of P., at Mammoth Spring. He has a very pleasant home on Eminence Hill, Archer Avenue.

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James Marion Butler. Ever since his location in this county in 1870, Mr. Butler has enjoyed the reputation of being not only a substantial and progressive farmer, but an intelligent and thoroughly [p.272] posted man in all public affairs; and a short sketch of his life will be of more than passing interest to the citizens of this locality. He was born in Chambers County, Ala., October 15, 1838, and is a son of Nathan H. and Francis R. (Hogue) Butler, who were born in Elbert and WalthamCounties, Ga., respectively, the former's birth occurring in 1818; and like his father, Daniel Butler (who was born in South Carolina, and died in Georgia), he was a worker in wood and a skillful wagon-maker. He and wife were married in Paulding County, Ga., and resided in that State and in various counties in Alabama, until 1855, when they came to Arkansas, locating in White County, but only remained a short time and then moved back to Alabama. In 1863 or 1864, they went to Mississippi and Tennessee, and in 1875 located in Fulton County, Ark., where the father died the same fall. His widow is now residing in Viola, of that county, and is enjoying good health. She is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, as was her husband, and to them were born eight children, of whom James Marion was the eldest. Of these only four are now living: M. L., a blacksmith of Viola; Louisa M., wife of William Smith; William P. H., residing in the State of Colorado, and our subject. Those deceased are Napoleon B., Martha A. E., George W. and Mary J. James Marion Butler received his schooling in the State of Alabama, and while growing to manhood learned the blacksmith and wagon-maker's trade of his father. At the age of twenty-one years he began depending on his own resources for obtaining a livelihood, and from that time until the opening of the Rebellion worked in Alabama. Although his father served in the Union army for some time, he espoused the cause of the Confederacy and first joined the Alabama Legion, which was consolidated and thrown into other regiments, the Twenty-third Alabama Battalion of Sharp-shooters being a part left over. He served two years as sergeant, participating in many battles, among which wore Chickamauga, Petersburg, being intrenched in the ditches of that city for nine months; Hatch's Run, and the Virginia campaign. He received a flesh wound in the leg at Chickamauga, and at Appomattox Court House, about two hours before the surrender, he received a very severe wound in the right arm. After the war he remained in Alabama until 1866, when he went to the State of Mississippi, and from there came to Fulton County, Ark., in 1870, and here has since made his home. In 1879 he moved to his present location, which is a farm consisting of 360 acres of as good land as there is anywhere, and in addition to looking after this property still continues to work at his trade. He is a Democrat in his political views, and in 1885-86 served as justice of the peace. He is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, and as a citizen of Fulton County has been identified with its advancement and growth ever since locating here. He was married in 1860 to Miss Rhoda Ann Bryaot, a daughter of Alexander Bryant, and her death occurred in Izard County, Ark., in 1875, when thirty-seven years of age. Of the eight children born to her union only four are now living: Charles D., of Texas; Elizabeth E., wife of James A. Talley, a farmer of the county; Nancy E., wife of Abraham L. Reed, a farmer residing near Mansfield, and Nathan D., at home. Mrs. Butler was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.

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Thomas B. Caldwell is possessed of those advanced ideas and progressive principles regarding agricultural life which seem to be among the chief characteristics of the average native Missourian. He was born in Franklin County of that State on the 16th of October, 1840, and is a son of James Patten and Ann (Caldwell) Caldwell, the former of Irish descent, born in the State of Missouri, in the year 1816. He was a well known agriculturist of his region, and died in Fulton County, Ark., in 1863. His wife was also born in Missouri, and died when her son, Thomas B., was about seven years of age, her demise occurring in Franklin County. The paternal grandparents were Andrew and Nancy (Farrow) Caldwell, the former being a native Kentuckian. He moved to Franklin County, Mo., during the early history of that country, and died there at his son's home in 1847. His wife, Nancy, died there also. The [p.273] paternal great-grandfather, Kincaid Caldwell, was born in the "Emerald Isle." The maternal grandfather also bore the name of Andrew Caldwell, but the two families were not related. Thomas B. Caldwell is one of two surviving members of a family of five children, the other being a sister residing on the Iron Mountain Railroad in Missouri. He was reared in his native State, but never received any educational advantages in youth, being compelled to assist his father in tilling the home farm; but by contact with the world and by self-application he has become a well posted man. He was twenty years of age when he enlisted in the army, and was a member of Capt. B. B. Bray's Seventh Division of Missouri Volunteers. He participated in the engagements at Mansfield, Pleasant Hill, and in numerous skirmishes. He was second sergeant of artillery for about twelve months prior to the close of the war. On the 9th of March, 1862, he was captured at Mountain Grove, Mo., and was sent to St. Louis, thence to Alton, Ill., and from there to Vicksburg, Miss., where he was exchanged on the 22d of September, of the same year. Nearly ever since the close of the war he has been a resident of Fulton County, Ark., and has been actively engaged in tilling the soil. On the 5th of March, 1865, he was married to Miss Lucintha M. Smith, who was born in South Carolina in 1842, a daughter of Inman and Mary A. Smith. The father died in the "Palmetto State," but the mother is still living and resides in Fulton County, Ark., the wife of a Mr. Hutchesson. To Mr. Caldwell and his wife the following children have been born: James Henry, Benjamin H., Thomas J. (deceased), John H., Mary A. (deceased), Ruthie J. and Joannah. The greater part of Mr. Caldwell's time has been occupied in farming, and he is now the owner of 310 acres of land, with about eighty acres under cultivation. He is a Democrat, his first presidential vote being cast for Douglas, and he was elected on that ticket to the office of deputy sheriff and constable. He and wife are connected with the Christian Church, and he is a Mason and a member of the I. O. O. F. Mr. Caldwell is a man universally respected, and to know him is to have a high admiration for him, for he is possessed of those sterling principles which make a true man and a valuable citizen.

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Capt. John G. Carroll, a farmer of Fulton Township, is now successfully following the occupation to which he was reared and which has been his life work, a calling that for ages has received undivided efforts from many worthy individuals, and one that always furnishes sustenance to the ready worker. He was born in North Carolina in 1834, and is the son of Green and Priscilla (Earles) Carroll, natives of South Carolina and North Carolina, and born in 1802 and 1808, respectively. The parents removed to White County, Tenn., and in 1859 came to Fulton County, Ark., where Mr. Carroll died in 1870. He was the son of Jesse Carroll and the grandson of William Carroll, who was of English descent, went through the Revolutionary War, and died in North Carolina at the age of nearly one hundred years. Jesse Carroll was born in North Carolina, and died in Georgia at the age of ninety-eight years. He was a millwright by occupation. This family is of the same as that Carroll who was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The paternal grandfather, William Earles, was born in North Carolina and died in Tennessee at about the age of one hundred and two years; he was of Welsh descent. His father was a Revolutionary soldier. Capt. John G. Carroll, the second of eight children born to his parents, received very meager educational advantages. He came with his parents to Fulton County, Ark., in 1859 and in 1861 Miss Auerilla Copeland, a native of Tennessee, became his wife. She died in 1879, leaving six children, three sons and three daughters. Capt. Carroll then married Miss Eliza Baize, a native of Missouri and the daughter of George Baize. To this union were born four children, a son and three daughters. Capt. Carroll is one of the prominent agriculturists of Fulton County, is the owner of 520 acres of land, with 300 under cultivation, and also possesses considerable property in Viola, all the result of his own industry. When the war cloud hovered over the United States he enlisted in Company F, Fourteenth Arkansas Infantry, [p.274] Confederate Army, and served three years and eleven months. After the first nine months he was promoted to the rank of captain in his regiment and operated in Arkansas, Mississippi and Louisiana. He took a prominent part in the battles of Elkhorn, Augusta, Farmington, Corinth, Iuka, Port Hudson, etc. He was captured at Saltillo, Miss., but after sixteen days escaped and rejoined his regiment at Tupelo. At the close of the war he returned to farm life. Politically a Democrat, his first presidential vote was for Buchanan in 1856. He filled the office of deputy sheriff two years, justice of the peace for four years and constable two years. He has been a member of the A. F. & A. M. for twenty-eight years, now belonging to Viola Lodge No. 399, and was master and senior warden for sixteen years of that time. He is also a member of the Eastern Star lodge at Viola. He and wife belong to the Missionary Baptist Church, he having experienced religion at the age of sixteen, and he is a deacon in the same.

B. H. Castleberry is another excellent example of what can be accomplished through energy and perseverance, for he has won his way up to his present enviable position through his own unaided efforts. He was born in the State of Georgia, on the 1st of July, 1854, and is a son of S. G. and Jane E. (Bell) Castleberry, both of whom were Georgians, the former born in 1821. He was a farmer and a miner, but made milling his principal occupation through life, and is still the owner of some gold mines in Georgia, near Cleveland. His father, who was a native of the State, owned some mines there and was also an extensive slave owner at the time of his death. The great-grandfather was a Georgian, but the great great-grandfather and six brothers emigrated from the Old World, and settled in the Southern States. B. H. Castleberry was one of seven children, and his youth and early manhood were spent in his native State. He received his literary education in the North Georgia Agricultural College, and principally through his own efforts secured means with which to prosecute his studies. In December, 1876, he emigrated to the State of Arkansas, settling in Fulton County, where he began the study of law, and the same characteristics which marked his progress at school, were prominent in his legal studies. After a thorough preparation he was admitted to the bar and entered upon his practice at Salem, and his patronage steadily and substantially increased during his two years of practice. At the end of that time he engaged in merchandising with his brother, their stock of goods amounting to about $8,000, and besides this they each own a half interest in 500 acres of land. Our immediate subject also owns 1,500 acres in his own right. He was married on the 10th of April, 1881, to Miss Laura P. Wainwright, by whom he has two interesting children: William Lessie and Rex. Mr. Castleberry is a Democrat, and a member of the I. O. O. F. William Castleberry, his brother, a member of the general mercantile firm of Castleberry & Co., was born in White County, Ga., in 1856, and during his youth and early manhood worked with his father. He received an excellent education in Dahlonega College, Ga., and also at Nacoochee Valley, and after leaving school engaged in mercantile pursuits as clerk in a general merchandise store in the latter place, but eighteen months later went to Rabun County, where he began merchandising in partnership with C. W. Oakes. Two years later they dissolved partnership, and Mr. Castleberry came to Salem, and in 1881 embarked in business with his brother and William Wainwright, keeping a grocery. At the end of one year this association was terminated, and the two brothers started a general mercantile establishment of their own. They thoroughly understand the enterprise in which they are engaged, and have done much in their line to increase the trade and influence of the town. They are thoroughly reliable and honest in all their transactions, and as a result enjoy a large and lucrative custom. William Castleberry is also a Democrat politically, and a member of the I. O. O. F. He is unmarried.

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William D. Chase, one of the prominent millers and farmers of Elizabeth, was born in Maury (now Gordon) County, Ga., in 1839, and is the son of Hon. Dean W. and Alley (Johnson) Chase. The father was born in Pawtucket, R. I., and received [p.275] an unusually good education. At the age of nineteen he was sent to Georgia to erect a spinning factory, which he operated for a number of years. He was married and spent the remainder of his days there and in Tennessee, where he manufactured cotton goods all his life. He died in Gilmore County, Ga., in 1881. He was justice of the peace many years and once represented Gordon County in the legislature. He was also for thirty-five or forty years a traveling minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and besides was an officer in the Mexican War. His wife was a native of North Carolina, and died in Gilmore County, Ga., July 8, 1886. She, too, was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Her father, James Johnson, was a native of North Carolina, who died in Walker County, Ga. He was a soldier in the Mexican War. William D. Chase, the second of ten children, born to his parents, received his education in the common schools. He was reared to the arduous duties on the farm, and in 1861 Miss Adeline Sprouell became his wife. She was born in Fulton County, Ga., and was the daughter of Wilson E. and Eliza J. Spronell, natives of Abbeville District, S. C., but who moved to Georgia, where Mrs. Sprouell died. To Mr. and Mrs. Chase were born eleven children, seven sons and three daughters now living. Mr. Chase served over four years in the Confederate Army, Company E, Georgia Volunteer Infantry, was at Cumberland Gap, Richmond, Siege of Vicksburg. Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Kingston, Calboun, New Hope Church. Kenesaw Mountain, etc. He was captured several times, the last time at Peach Tree Creek, and imprisoned at Nashville. He was afterward taken to Indianapolis, where he was at the time of the surrender. He never received a wound during his time of service. After the war he returned to the farm and in 1872 came to Fulton County, Ark. He followed agricultural pursuits for five years and then engaged in merchandising at Newburg, Izard County, for three years. This not suiting him he entered into the milling business there for six years, after which he returned to Fulton County, and continued merchandising at Elizabeth for four years. Since then he has been occupied in milling and farming and has two flour and saw, shingle and planing mills. He is also the owner of about 900 acres of land in Missouri, Fulton, Izard and Lawrence Counties. All his property is the result of hard labor since the war. He has been a Democrat in his political views all his life, and his first presidential vote was for Gen. McClellan. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Elizabeth Lodge, and is also a member of Newburg Lodge of the I. O. O. F. in Izard County. Mrs. Chase has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for many years.

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Hon. Samuel W. Cochran. For a period upwards of thirty-three years, he whose name heads this sketch has been a resident of Fulton County, and during this time he has enjoyed the reputation of being an honest, upright man in every respect, fully deserving the good opinion with which he is regarded by all who know him. His life up to the time of his location in Arkansas was rather unsettled, but notwithstanding the old saying that "a rolling stone gathers no moss," Mr. Cochran has been quite successful in accumulating worldly goods, and is one of the leading merchants of this county. His birth occurred in Abbeville District, S. C., May 20, 1820, and he was left an orphan when an infant. Until ten years of age he was cared for by an uncle, J. C. Wharton, and from that period until sixteen years of age was taken care of by his guardian, Samuel Jordan. At this time he went with his uncle, Mr. Wharton, to Tennessee, and located at Raleigh near Memphis, but shortly after went to Tipton, and still later to Columbia, of the same State, where he remained two years. He then returned to his old home in South Carolina, where he attended school for one year, after which he came back to Columbia, and was a salesman two years for the mercantile firm of G. Frierson & Co. At the end of this time he again returned to South Carolina, where he remained with his guardian for some time, and was married there to Miss Julia A. Chiles, moving with her at a later period to Case County, Ga., where he gave his attention to farming until 1856. In that year he came to Fulton County, Ark., and located in the neighborhood of where he now lives, continuing [p.276] his farming operations up to 1881, when he opened a store at his present stand, and has met with the best of success in this enterprise. In 1861 he was a member of the State convention, and voted for secession, and in 1863 was elected to represent Fulton County in the State legislature. His wife was a daughter of William Chiles, of Abbeville District, S. C., and was born October 7, 1827, being killed at Rolla, Mo., November 6, 1864. To them were born four children, three of whom are living: William C., a farmer of Fulton County; J. C., also a farmer of the county, and J. D., farming near his father. Samuel W. died in 1863, when twelve years of age. In 1865 Mr. Cochran wedded Miss Martha E. Livingston, a daughter of James Livingston, who was also born in Abbsville District, S. C., her birth occurring in 1831. In 1848 Mr. Cochran was licensed to preach the gospel, having joined the Missionary Baptist Church three years previous, and his wife and children are also members of this church. He is a Democrat politically, and previous to the war held the position of postmaster at Union, and received his last appointment in 1887. When a young man he taught school in Georgia, and also in Fulton County, Ark. Mr. Cochran's parents, Clark and Sarah (Wharton) Cochran, ware born in Abbeville District, S. C., where the father was engaged in merchandising and farming until his death. He was of Scotch-Irish descent, and was a son of John Cochran, a native of Virginia, and a soldier in the Revolutionary War. He died in South Carolina. The maternal grandfather, Pleasant Wharton, was born in the "Palmetto State." A large extent of land in South Carolina was given his ancestors by George III, and has been in possession of the family ever since that time.

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Alvah L. Cooper, farmer and stock raiser, and the recently appointed postmaster of the thriving little city of Mammoth Spring, was born in Tompkins County, New York, April 1, 1842, and was the fourth of ten children, eight now living, born to Laban D. and Sarah M. (Woodin) Cooper, both of whom were born in Dutchess County, N. Y., the former in 1780, and the latter in 1812. In the primitive days of the Republic, the Coopers were among its most valiant defenders. In the gloomy days of 1778, when the notorious Tory refugee, John Butler, defeated his cousin, Col. Zeb Butler, and so unmercifully massacred the inhabitants of Wyoming, Penn., the paternal grandfather became one of the victims. Laban Cooper was of English descent, and a soldier in Gen. Scott's brigade, receiving four different gun-shot wounds. At the memorable battle of Lundy's Lane or Bridgewater, he was wounded twice, one of which was received while assisting Col. Miller in his historical charge on the British batteries on the heights, the key to the British position. In the no less eventful battle of Chippeway he was wounded. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant for services rendered during the war, and as his wife is still living, she now receives a pension. She resides at Mountain Lake, Penn., at the age of seventy-seven years. Alvah Cooper's youth was spent in Bradford County, Penn., and his education was there received in the public schools. He and two of his brothers served nearly four years each in the late Rebellion. Alvah enlisted May, 1861, in Company F, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, was elected captain and transferred to Company D. One Hundred and Thirty-Second Pennsylvania Volunteers of the Second Army Corps. From the battle of Bull Run to the closing scene at Appomattox, he was in all the principal battles in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania, never receiving a wound. Mr. Cooper has been in the employ of the Government as special pension examiner and other positions almost continually since the war, and has ever been a consistent, hard working Republican. It was in recognition of his services and abilities as a political organizer that he was recently appointed postmaster at Mammoth Spring. He is thoroughly imbued with the principles of the Republican party, and is an indefatigable political worker, and has probably done more than any other single man toward organizing the Republican party of this part of the State. He was one of the first to join the G. A. R., and has held many offices of trust in that order. Before coming to this State he was elected commander of the Soldiers' and Sailors' encampment of Bradford [p.277] County, also chairman of the Bradford County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monumental Association, for three years. On leaving his native State he resigned both positions, but was held in such high esteem by his comrades that his resignation was not accepted, and he continued to hold his office until the expiration of his term although out of the State. For a number of years he was a director of the Agricultural Society of Bradford County. In 1866 he was married to Miss Sarah Ann Larcom, a native of Bradford County, Penn., born in 1843, and dying in 1883; to them were born these children: Mintie M., wife of F. L. Sayles; Elmer C., Woodard C., killed when fourteen years of age; Gracie, Fred. C., Nellie, Warner and Grant. In 1886, like many of the hardy sons of the East, desiring a more congenial clime and soil in which to care for his family, he started toward the "Sunny South" to try his fortunes. The wood land of Arkansas pleased him. He and his son each homesteaded 160 acres, and have purchased 240 acres in addition, making in all a ranch of 560 acres of land. In every day life Mr. Cooper is looked upon as an energetic, honest citizen. He spends his time closely in building up his farms and superintending the postoffice, and if fortune continues to smile on him, in a few years he will be one of the most prosperous as well as one of most prominent citizens of North Arkansas.

Charles W. Culp, M. D., is one of the rising young members of the medical fraternity of Fulton County, Ark. He was born in Izard County, of the same State, May 14, 1858. His parents, Thomas and Elizabeth (Benbrook) Culp, were born, reared and married in Izard County, the former's birth occurring in 1831, and his death March 8, 1880. The paternal grandfather, Thomas B. Culp, was a Tennesseean, who removed to Izard County. Ark., at an early day and took a prominent part in aiding in the growth and development of this region. and both he and his son Thomas were physicians. They were of German descent, and all the male members of the family have been Democrats in their political views. Of the family of eight children born to Thomas and Elizabeth Culp, four are now living, two sons and two daughters, all of whom reside in Fulton County, with the exception of a daughter, who is a resident of Izard County, Dr. Charles W. Culp received his literary education in the common schools of Izard County, after which he entered the Memphis Hospital Medical College, from which institution he was graduated as an M. D., February 25, 1885. Previous to graduating he had practiced the profession (since 1879), and has won an enviable position among the medical fraternity of Fulton and surrounding counties. December 22, 1880, he was married to Miss Joannah C. Sharp, who was born in Sharp County, Ark., December 4, 1861, and is a daughter of Ephraim Sharp, whose sketch appears in this work. Dr. Culp is a Royal Arch Mason, belonging to Rural Chapter No. 50, Evening Shade, Sharp County. He is also a member of Ash Flat Lodge No. 159, F. & A. M., Ash Flat, Ark. He is a Democrat. his first presidential vote being cast for Hancock, and he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. His mother is a resident of Fulton County, and is the worthy wife of J. M. Cook.

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W. H. Culp, editor and proprietor of the Mammoth Spring Monitor, at Mammoth Spring. Ark., is of German descent, the name originally being Kolb, but it was changed to Culp when the family became Americanized. He was born in Izard County, Ark., November 5, 1863, and after acquiring a fair education in the common schools he entered the office of the Clipper. at Melbourne, Ark., and learned the printer's trade. In 1882 he bought a half interest in the Izard County Register, at Melbourne, and in August, 1884. purchased the remaining interest and conducted the paper with highly satisfactory results until November, 1886. when he leased the press and moved to Lee County, Ark., where he spent a part of the following year in an unsuccessful attempt to raise a cotton crop. Moving to Mammoth Spring. Ark., he established the Mammoth Spring Monitor, the first number being issued February 2, 1888. This paper has proved a decided success financially, and is one of the spiciest, best and most ably edited business papers in Northwest Arkansas, and Mr. Culp has become well known throughout the State [p.278] as one of its most successful editors. He established the Thayer Tribune at Thayer, Mo., in 1888, but has since sold it and is now devoting his time and energies to the publication of the Monitor. He was married in 1884 to Miss Amy D. Owen, of Forrest City, Ark., she being a daughter of Dexter Owen, who was born in Providence, R. I. They have two children: Homer and Madge. Mr. Culp is a son of Dr. T. B. and Elizabeth (Benbrook) Culp, the former's birth occurring in Izard County, Ark., in 1835, and his death in Melbourne of the same county in 1880. His widow still survives him and is a resident of this county, being forty-five years of age.

Judge Thomas J. Cunningham, a prosperous Fulton County farmer, came originally from Randolph County, Mo., his birth occurring December 31, 1837. His father, Robert H. Cunningham, was born in Lincoln County, Tenn., in 1808, and in 1834 emigrated to Randolph County, Mo., where he was one of the earliest settlers. He was an active tiller of the soil there until about 1867, and from that time until his death, in 1868, he resided in Fulton County, Ark. His parents, James and Jane Cunningham, removed from Tennessee to Randolph County several years prior to their son, and both died in Adair County of that State. The wife of Robert H. Cunningham was born in Tennessee in 1810, and died in Fulton County, Ark., in August, 1886, having borne a family of ten children, nine of whom grew to mature years, and eight of whom are yet living. Four sons and one daughter reside in Fulton County, one son lives in the State of Texas, a daughter in Randolph County, Mo., and one son in Macon County, Mo. Thomas J. Cunningham is the fourth of the family, and from his earliest recollections has been familiar with the details of farm life; while growing up he learned lessons of industry, frugal habits and economy, which he has never forgotten. His rudimentary education was acquired in the common schools, and was supplemented by a collegiate course in Macon County, Mo. He remained with his father and mother until 1861, when, full of zeal and enthusiam for the land of chivalry and the cause of the South, he joined Gen. Price's command, whose division was commanded by Gen. John B. Clark, Sr., and served two years, participating in the battle of Lexington and numerous other engagements. In 1863 he went by mule train to California, in which State he remained until 1870, being engaged in farming, and in that year he left California and came to Fulton County, Ark., and located near where he now lives. In 1866, while in California, he was married to Miss Mary E. Proctor, who was born in Randolph County, Mo., in 1841. She died in 1873, in Fulton County, Ark, having borne a family of four children: Julia, wife of William T. Cunningham, of Texas; Jennie D., wife of John D. Isenhour, of Fulton County; Rollen P., now in Texas, and Robert H. (deceased). In 1875 Mr. Cunningham united his fortunes with those of Miss Sarah E. Jeffery, a native of Izard County, Ark., born October 26, 1853. Her parents are Rev. Daniel and Nancy Jeffery. To Mr. and Mrs. Cunningham were born the following children: Robert C. (deceased), James C., Edgar, Margaret Ann, Ida, Thomas J. and Henry K. Mr. Cunningham has resided in Fulton County sufficiently long to enable his many sterling qualities to become well known. About forty-five acres of his 180 acre farm are under cultivation. He is a Democrat, and in 1874 was elected judge of the county court, and served six successive years, making an able and efficient officer. His first presidential vote was cast for John C. Breckenridge. His wife is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church.

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Charles C. Davis, surveyor of Fulton County, and one of the enterprising agriculturists of Mammoth Spring Township, was born in Webster County, Mo., January 22, 1854, receiving a very meager education in the common schools. He followed the plow for his father until nineteen years of age, and was then united in marriage to Miss Nancy C. Young, a native of Oregon County, Mo., August 11, 1872, the daughter of J. L. Young. Mrs. Davis died April 17, 1885, and September 18 of the same year Mr. Davis married Martha, sister of his first wife. Her parents were natives of St. Francois County, Mo., now of Oregon County, Mo., and Mr. Young served in the Confederate army as [p.279] a private. By his first marriage Mr. Davis became the father of five children. three sons and two daughters, and to his second union were born two children, both sons. Since his first marriage he has lived on his present farm, one mile east of Mammoth Spring, where he has 900 acres of good land, with 130 under cultivation. He followed farming and also dealt in stock until the railroad was built, after which for some years he was local agent, locating settlers, etc. He has been a practical surveyor for some time, surveying for the county, and in 1888 was elected county surveyor for two years. In politics he affiliates with the Democratic party, and his first presidential vote was for S. J. Tilden in 1876. He is a member of the Masonie fraternity, Myatt Lodge No. 401, and was Junior Warden one year. Mr. Davis is pleasant and agreeable in his demeanor to all with whom he comes in contact, and is a man who attracts the regard of all who approach him. He is universally respected by his fellow citizens. He is the son of Eliphaz and Permealey Davis, and the grandson of Charles C. Davis, who was born in Jackson County, Ill, in 1800, and died in Oregon County, Mo., in 1878. He was a soldier in the Black Hawk War, was justice of the peace and also county judge for some years. He was of Welsh descent. Eliphaz Davis was born in Randolph County, Ark., January 1, 1822, and was married in that county to Miss Edwards, a native of Indiana. From there they moved to Webster County, Mo., and in 1858 to Oregon County, where Mrs. Davis died in 1863. Mrs. Davis is still living there. He is a member of the Christian Church (as was also his wife). and is a successful farmer.

Lee Davis. Under the efficient management of Mr. Davis the Fulton County Banner has come to be regarded as one of the representative journals of the county. and although he has only been its editor since 1887, he has proven himself to be a man of good judgment in directing the editorial policy of his paper. He is a native of the county in which he is now residing, his birth occurring in 1865, but received his education in La Crosse, Izard County, Ark., and as the school was good, he acquired an excellent education. After training the "young idea" for some time, he first entered the journalistic field in 1884, in Elizabeth, Ark. In 1887 he purchased the Banner, at Salem, Ark., a paper which he has since edited in a very efficient manner, and through the columns of this journal he has wielded no slight influence in directing the proper steps to be takenfor worthy movements. As the worth of his paper becomes known the circulation increases accordingly, and he has won the patronage of all the better class of citizens in the county. He was first married, at the age of nineteen years, to Miss Josie Lytle, a native of Tennessee, who died ten months after her marriage, and after remaining a widower until 1889, he wedded Miss Mary Jeffery, whose birth occurred in Izard County, Ark. Mr. Davis is one of eight children born to Solomon M. and Eliza (Pipkin) Davis, who were born, reared and married in the State of Tennessee, and who lived there until a number of their children were born, after which they moved to Missouri, being among the pioneers of that State. After residing there a number of years they came to Arkansas, being among the first settlers of Fulton County. The father was an officer in the Confederate army, and died in 1880, at the age of forty-nine years. He was a farmer by occupation, and is still survived by his widow. Our subject's paternal and maternal grandfathers, G. A. Davis and G. F. Pipkin, were also Tennesseeans by birth.

Dr. D. S. Deaderick, real estate agent, Mammoth Spring. In that proud series of names which have aided materially in developing the business interests of Fulton County, that of Mr. Deaderick holds a leading place. He was born in Saline County, Mo., in 1842 and is the son of John S. and Ellen (Cotter) Deaderick, and grandson of David Deaderick, who was a native of Tennessee. John S. Deaderick was born in Georgia in 1819, and in 1840 was united in marriage to Miss Cotter, at Potosi, Mo. She was born in Pittsburg, Penn., in 1820. After marriage the parents removed to St. Louis, where the father was interested in the shot tower. In 1848 they moved to Saline County of the same State, and there he was engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1857, when they [p.280] moved to Plattin Rock, in Jefferson County. During the year 1861 they were in different parts of the South, and in 1865 returned to St. Louis, where Mr. Deaderick was occupied in wool manufacture for several years. In 1874 they came to Mammoth Spring and were the first settlers here. He erected a flour-mill and cotton-gin, which he operated until June, 1887, when he sold out. He was a thorough-going business man and was at one time quite wealthy. His death occurred in 1887. Florence Cotter, the grandfather of Dr. Deaderick, was a native of Ireland and came to the United States about 1796. He settled in Pennsylvania, where he died early in the present century. Dr. D. S. Deaderick, the eldest of two sons and one daughter, received his education in the St. Louis University. During the late up-pleasantness between the North and South he served four years in the Confederate Army, Company E,Second Missouri Cavalry. He enlisted as a private and came out as adjutant of the regiiment. He operated in Missouri, Tennessee and Mississippi with Gen. Forrest, and was wounded several times. After the war he engaged in the lumber business in Iron and St. Francois Counties, Mo., and in 1870 took up the study of mediicine and graduated at the St. Louis Medical College in 1872. He then practiced in that city until 1874, when he came to Mammoth Spring, and in company with his father embarked in milling and merchandising, and was also for a number of years interested in the real estate business. He has continued the real estate business in town and besides is the owner of several farms in Missouri and Arkansas. In his political views he affiliates with the Democratic party, and his first presidential vote was cast for Gen. Hancock in 1880. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Myatt Lodge No. 401, and Evening Shade Chapter No. 50. He is also a member of Mammoth Spring Lodge No. 48, I. O. O. F. His only sister is the wife of J. D. Lucas, of St. Louis, and his brother, Dr. James S., is a practicing physician of De Soto, Mo. His mother is still living and resides at Mammoth Spring. The family are members of the Catholic Church.